In the old days before people knew Batak textiles made out, ulos is everyday clothes. When men wear the top called "Hande Hande," while the bottom is called "singkot" then the head covering called "ropes" or "sizzle".
Bia used by females, the lower chest to the limit of so-called "haen", to cover the back called "Hoba Hoba," and when used in the form of a scarf called a "ampe-ampe" and is used as a head covering called a "saong". If a woman was holding the child, the back cover is called "hohop-hohop" is a tool to hold the so-called '"parompa". Until now the tradition is still biased to dress this way we see Tapanuli rural areas. Not all ulos Batak can be used in everyday life. For example ulos jugia, live yeast, yeast and runjat Hotang. Usually it is stored and used only at certain times.
The process of making ulos Batak.For the layman feels very unique. The basic ingredients are the same ulos in general which is a kind of cotton yarn is spun. What distinguishes a ulos is the manufacturing process. This is a measure of determining the value of a ulos.To give a basic color ulos thread, a kind of indigo plant (salaon) is inserted into a pot of land that has been filled with water. This plant is soaked (Digon-gon) days to gatahnya out and squeezed the waste is disposed. The result is a black liquid bluish-called "itom".
Pot soil (palabuan) filled with rain water deposited on the hollow stone (ni nanturge AEK) mixed with lime to taste. Then the liquid is colored bluish black was added, and stir until dissolved. It's called "manggaru". Depth of the thread is dipped in the liquid. Before dipped, first thread entwined with other threads on the Courant-specific portion according to the desired color, after the dyeing process starts over and over again. This process takes a very long time even for months and sometimes years are up.
Expected after the color is reached, the thread was then plated with a water slurry of ash mixed with water and boil until cooked to look shiny yarn. It's called "marsigira". Usually done in the morning on the edge of time or the sidelines of the river / lake.
When the colors are expected to be quite mature, and then opened for winding yarn "diunggas" so that the thread be strong. Yarn soaked into the pot containing the rice to soak the whole thread. Diunggas completed, the thread is dried. The yarn is dry rolled (dihulhul) every kind of color.
Once the threads are complete in the roll of each type of color required further work is "mangani". The finished yarn is then entered Diani weaving process. If we look carefully ulos Batak, it would seem that a relatively primitive way of making a very high artistic value.
As stated above, ulos Batak have the same raw material. The difference is making poses to have a certain level. For example, for a virgin, who is learning to weave only allowed to make ulos "parompa" is called "mallage" (ulos used for carrying children). This level is measured by the number of sticks needed to achieve the desired color motif. A high level is when he has been able to use the seven pieces of stick, or so-called "marsipitu lilies". In question has been considered quite capable of weaving all kinds of ulos Batak.
Types UlosA. Ulos Jugia.Ulos is also called "ra naso ulos pipot or" pinunsaan ". Usually ulos the price and value is very expensive in the Batak tribe called ulos "homitan" stored in "hombung" or "parmonang-monangan" (a closet in the old days of age). According to the beliefs of Batak, ulos indiscriminate use is not allowed except for people who already "saur matua" or in other words "shade Gabe" (parents who already have children and grandchildren of men and women).
As long as there are unmarried children or descendants have not yet even have to have sprung from sebahagian children, the parents may not be called or classified by tingkalan matua saur. Only the so-called "nagabe" alone is entitled to wear the ulos. So the size of the indigenous tribe of Batak hagabeon is not viewed from the position of the rank and wealth.
The high usage rules causes ulos ulos type is a rare thing to many people who do not know. Ulos often the most visible legacy of parents to their children and nialainya equal to "sitoppi" (gold worn by the king's wife at a party) whose size is equal to the size of rice as agreed and certainly a large amount.2. Yeast Ulos LifeBelow this level Ulos Ulos Jugia. Many people assume ulos is the highest value the given ulos wearer is popular in the community in Batak traditional ceremonies.
Ulos can be used for various purposes at a ceremony or ritual mourning joy. And can also be used by the Kings as well as by the middle. In ancient times used also for "mangupa Tondi" (reinforce the spirit) of a newborn child. Ulos is also used by the habolonan suhut (the host). This is what distinguishes it from other suhut, which in the version of "Na Tolu Dalihan" called dongan tubu.
In the Batak kinship system. Group of genera (dongan tubu) are a group of "body-body sisada sisada Somba" to the other clan groups. There is a saying "do suhul martanda, marbona sakkalan, marnata do suhut, marnampuna do ugasan", which means even if the party was for the common good, the right to have a basic need (suhut sihabolonan) is still recognized as the last word decision (final decision). By using this ulos be obvious who the real host.
Making this ulos ulos different from making other, because it can be done ulos mutual cooperation. In other words, done separately by different people. Both left and right sides ulos (ambi) done by two people. Ulos head up and down (tinorpa) done by two people as well, while the middle part or body ulos (office) work of one person. So wholly executed five people. Then the work of the five people are brought together (diihot) into a single unit called ulos "Yeast Life".
Why should it be done this way? Ulos doing this must be completed within a certain time according to "hatiha" Batak (Batak calendar). When starting Artia (first day) was completed at the Tula (the middle day of twenty).When a parent dies, who took this ulos is the eldest child while others wear ulos "sibolang". Ulos is also very good when given as ulos "Panggabei" (Saur Ulos Matua) the grandson of the deceased child. At that time the yeast ulos Living with ulos jugia.
In the marriage ceremony, is usually given as ulos ulos "Pansamot" (for the parents of the groom) and ulos can not be given to the bride by anyone. And area Simalungun ulos Yeast Life should not be worn by women.3. Hotang yeast.Ulos is usually given to a bride and groom are referred to as ulos "Marjabu". The provision is intended to ulos bond such as rattan (Hotang).
Way of gift to the bride and groom is draped from the right side of the bride, the tip was held with the right hand Iaki male and female ends left by the middle of the chest and then put together like a bound.In antiquity wicker is leash an object that is considered the most powerful and potent. This is symbolized by the yeast (pattern) is.
4. Ulos Sadum.Ulos is full of bright colors is perfect to wear to the atmosphere of joy. In South Tapanuli ulos is usually used as panjangki / parompa (sling) for the descendants of the king or Mangaraja Daulat. To invite (marontang) king of kings, was used as a base ulos whiting on a large plate (plate godang burangir / harunduk panyurduan).
Ulos usage rules so tight that there are certain groups in South Tapanuli ulos forbidden to wear it. This is so beautiful ulos so in other areas is often used as a memento ulos and even made also as wall hangings. Ulos is often given as the official recalled the memory of officers who visit the area.
5. Ulos Runjat.Ulos is usually worn by the rich or the privileged as ulos "edang-edang" (used at the time of going to the invitation). Ulos can also be given to the bride by the family according to the version (tohonan) Dalihan Natolu outside hasuhutan Bolon, for example by Bone (uncle), pariban (brother of the bride is already married), and pamarai (uncle of the bride). Ulos can also be given at the time "mangupa-upa" in the party happy (ulaon Silas ni Roha).The fifth type is a ulos ulos homitan (deposits) are only visible at certain times. Because it is rarely used to ulos not need to be washed and are usually quite dry in the afternoon at the full moon (Tula).
6. Ulos Sibolang.Ulos can be used for purposes of grief or joy. For the purpose of grief is usually selected from a type of black color stands out, is when the joy of the event is selected from the white color stands out. In the event ulos grief is most widely used one. To ulos "saput" or ulos "tujung" should be of this kind and should not be ulos of another kind.In the marriage ceremony is usually used as ulos "ni Ampang closed" and can also be worn, but is selected from the kind of white color stands out. This is called "ulos pamontari". Because ulos can be used for all events this custom ulos the most highly valued in terms of traditional Batak. Prices are relatively cheap so it can reach the average person. Ulos is not used as ulos pangupa lajim or parompa.
7. Suri-suri Ulos Ganjang.Usually called just ulos Suri-suri, since the comb-shaped elongated s type. Formerly this ulos diperguakan as ampe-ampe/hande-hande. At the time Margondang (beating drum) is used ulos hula boru children welcome party. Ulos can also be given as "ulos Tondi" to the bride. Ulos is often also used as a women-Sabe Sabe. There is ulos privilege because of the length exceeds the usual ulos. When used as ampe-ampe can achieve twice the convolution on the left and right shoulder that looks like wearing two ulos sipemakai.
8. Ulos Mangiring.Ulos has a style that coincided with each other procession. It symbolizes fertility and agreements. Ulos parents are often given as ulos parompa to her grandson. Along with the provision that would later ulos born child, and her sisters also born as a friend along and in line. Ulos can also be used as everyday wear in the form of ropes (whir) for men. For women can also be used as saong (hood). At the time of the ceremony "mampe Goar" (baptism of the child) ulos can also be worn as a headdress, headdress, given the hula-hula to the law. When mampe Goar for his eldest son should ulos type "maratur Stars".
9. Maratur star.Ulos illustrates the regular lined star. Lined a regular star in this show who ulos obedient, harmonious accord, and one word in the bonds of kinship. Also in terms of "sinadongan" (wealth) or hasangapon (glory) nothing is lame, all in the average level of the same. In everyday life can be used as-Hande Hande (ampe-ampe), can also be used as ropes or saong. While the value and functions the same as ulos Mangiring and the price is relatively the same.
10. Sitoluntuho-Bolean.Ulos is usually only used as a headband or scarf women. Has no meaning unless it is customary given to a newborn child as ulos parompa. Ulos types can be used in addition, that the term indigenous Batak ulos panoropi said to be given to the hula-hula boru the already distant relatives. Sitoluntuho called because raginya / coraknya lined three, is "tuho" or "drill" is usually used to make a hollow ground for planting seeds.
11. Uos tipping.This type of ulos Ulos "nanidondang" or ulos paruda (gems). Purada or an ornamental jewel of the ulos. This ulos formerly worn by the girl child and the family of the Kings to Hoba Hoba-used up to the chest. Also used to receive guests at magnifying or at mating time.
At the time of yore, purada or jewels was brought by merchants from India via Bandar Barus. In the mid-twentieth century, the gems are no longer traded. Then the form of yeast ulos jewel is replaced by "manjungkit" (mengkait) ulos the thread. Yeast is made almost similar to the songket cloth or artificial Rejang Lebong. Because the manufacturing process is very difficult, causing ulos is a rare commodity, then the position is replaced by the songket cloth. This is why both the ancestral area was at the time of King Batak wedding songket cloth is usually worn by girls / women as a substitute bride ulos nanidondang. Here is a sign or a proof has been fading ulos value to the Batak people.
12. Ulos Lobu-Lobu.Ulos types are usually booked directly by the people who need it, because this ulos have very special needs, especially those who are afflicted with misfortune (the death of a child). Therefore never be traded or stored diparmonang-monangan, which is why people rarely know this ulos. Shaped like a sarong and rambunya should not be cut. Ulos also called ulos "giun hinarharan". Ancient times the parents often gave to his son ulos who are pregnant (pregnancy). The goal is that eventually the children were born safely.
There are many other kinds of shades and ulos names include: Panai Yeast, Yeast Hatirangga, Ambasang Yeast, Yeast Sidosdos, Sampuborna Yeast, Yeast Siattar, Sapot Yeast, Yeast Hirik the imput ni, Ulos Bugis, Padang Ulos Deer, Ulos Simata, Ulos Happu, Ulos Tukku, Ulos Gipul, Ulos Takkup, and more ulos names that have not been mentioned here. According to the old people kind ulos to 57 species.
As already explained, ulos have a very high value in the Batak ceremonial, because it's unlikely we're talking about without talking about the indigenous Batak hiou, ois, obit UIS godang or all of which is a identintas Batak people.
Recipients UlosAccording to the customs procedures Batak, each person will receive a minimum of 3 kinds ulos from birth until his death. This is called ulos "marsintuhu na" (ulos necessary) in accordance with the philosophy of dalihan na tolu. When he first received the new birth is called ulos "parompa" formerly known as ulos "paralo-alo Tondi". The second received at the time he entered the threshold of new life (marriage) called ulos "marjabu" for the bride and groom (currently desebut ulos "hela"). So the third is yattg ulos received when he died. ulos world called "saput".
I. Ulos At Birth.There are two things to note. The first is whether the child is born the eldest son or not. And the second is the firstborn child of a child born of one family. A. When born the eldest son of a father who is not the eldest son of Goar mampe sianak addition, it is only parents (Amani mar ...). 2. Was when the child is the eldest son of an eldest son in a family so that in addition sianak mampe Goar, also his father and grandfather (marama Ompu ni ni ... and ...).
Ompu title ... if the title has an inset word "si", which earned it the title of the eldest female diperdapat (ompung bao).When not get a word ... then insert the title Ompu received from the firstborn males (Ompung Suhut).
For the first point, then the hula-hula only provide two ulos the ulos parompa to sianak and ulos pargomgom mampe Goar for his father. To sianak as may be provided ulos parompa Mangiring and can be given to his father-suri suri ulos ganjang or ulos sitoluntuho.For the second point, hula-hula ulos must provide three pieces, namely ulos parompa to sianak, ulos pargomgom to his father, and ulos-headdress headdress for ompungnya.
Along with giving ulos always delivered the words that would contain the expectation that the child's name in bold and large after dianya later able to obtain the blessing of God Almighty. Delivered through the instance (rhyme). Hula party providing the type of ulos ulos maratur star, but if they just gave ulos ulos Mangiring parompa okay.
II. Ulos When MarriageIn the marriage ceremony, the hula-hula should be able to provide ulos "the tot ni pansa" namely: 1. Ulos marjabu (for bride), 2. Ulos pansamot / pargomgom for the parents of the groom, 3. Ulos pamarai given to the older brother of the groom's father or siblings, 4. Ulos simolohon given to iboto (adek / sister) groom. If no one has been married then this can be given to ulos iboto of his father. Ulos called in accordance with the provisions of the above is ulos to be provided by the hula-hula (the parents of the bride).The lid ulos Ampang received by boru ni diampuan (sihunti Ampang) only if the marriage is performed in place of the family of women (dialap sell). If the marriage is performed in place a family man (ditaruhon sell) ulos Ampang closed ni is not given.
Often we see so many ulos given to the bride by a close family. Ulos first is called "yeast-yeast ni sinamot". Usually that gets yeast ni sinamot (receiving party of sinamot) ulos give in return. In the instance (verse) in the Batak tribe called "malo manapol ingkon mananggal". This verse implies, the Batak peoples not payable.But with the term originally meant pinudun signs to shorten the time, resulting in blurring of who the recipient of the "Goli-Goli" of yeast-yeast ni sinamot. Position that should not arise (margoli-Goli) so that the public invitation (ale, ale) on the pretext of the term "ulos holong" ulos also provided to the bride.
The procedure to grant.A ulos (usually yeast Hotang) are provided for the bride by the hula-hula. The bride's parents immediately provide (manguloshon) to the bride and groom are called "ulos marjabu". When the female parents represented by the immediate family, then he is entitled to give ulos the bride, but when the parents of men who represented, then it must be accepted pansamot ulos folded.While ulos pargomgom (for pangamai) is acceptable according to the usual manner, and in this event must be provided by two strands ulos (ulos pasamot and ulos pargomgom). In the delivery ulos usually accompanied by a variety of rhyme (umpasa) and a variety of words that contain a blessing (cheekbone). After the continued delivery of rice diulosi cheekbone (Boras warden ni Tondi) sprinkled including the public by saying "long live" three times.
Then followed by giving ulos to parents of the groom or his representative in this regard along with the delivery of the words umpasa and advice. After the walk giving the tot ni ulos pansa to pamarai and simolohon. This provision is usually made by suhut paidua (family / relatives derivatives grandmother).After running the other ulos as the cover is the gift of bone ulos (uncle) groom.Ulos procedures for granting the order is as follows: 1. At first that gives ulos are parents of the bride, 2. The new bone followed by the bride rorobot including bone, 3. Then followed the dongan Sabutuha of the bride's parents called paidua (pamarai), 4. Followed by the pariban boru of the bride's parents, 5. And the last is bone of the groom, after he was given a portion of the received sinamot parboru of paranak of the agreed amount as much as 2/3 of the parboru and 1/3 of paranak. Courant was presented by the parents of the bride to the bone / uncle of the groom, is called "tintin marangkup".
III. Ulos When Death.Ulos the third and the last is given to a person who is ulos accepted at the time he died. Levels (state and derivatives memurut age) one can determine the type ulos received.If someone dies young (hadirianna mate) then it receives ulos, ulos is called "parolang-olangan" usually of the type parompa. When seseorng died after the family (matipul ulu, marompas tataring) then was given to him ulos "saput" and the left (widowers, widows) are given ulos "tujung". When a parent dies is complete in terms of heredity and circumstances (juice / saur matua) then he was given ulos "Panggabei".Ulos "jugia" can only be given to the offspring of parents who no one has died (martilaha Martua).
Specifically about ulos saput and tujung should be stressed about the gift. According to the parents, who gave saput is the "bone", as evidence that the bone still has something to do with the nephew (berenya).Was given tujung ulos hula, and it is important to do again repeat the wrong gift.
Procedures for the administration.When the death of a child (not married) then there is no saput ceremony. If the deceased was a married man, having heard the hula-hula khabar about this, disediakanlah a tujung ulos to the bone and provide ulos saput. Gift accompanied by the words of condolence (marhabot ni Roha). After a few days ago, continued with the opening (reveal) tujung performed the hula-hula. After the bodies were buried, at that time revealed no tujung implemented, depending on the agreement of both parties.Hula-hula provide dipiring rice (ni Tondi warden), clean water to wash my face (AEK parsuapan), one glass of water (AEK sitio-tio). Implementation of the show reveals tujung generally made in the morning (eye panangkok ni ni ari). After the opening hula balu tujung from, followed by washing the face (marsuap). Abandoned children also washed his face, then continued with the sowing of rice on his head a widow and her children.
Give ulos panggabei.When one parent who sari / saur matua dies, then all will give hula ulos ulos called Panggabei. Usually ulos is no longer given to the deceased but to all of its derivatives (children, pahompu, and great-grandchildren). Usually this ulos amount in the order starting from the hula-hula hula-hula, bone bona, bona ni ari, and all the hula-hula hula children and grandchildren / great-grandson.Event of death for old people like this usually takes a very long time, sometimes reaching 3-5 day event. The cost of the show is quite large, because this is the peak of the last living person.
Gives UlosIn the Toba, Karo Simalungun and, in principle, the hula-hulalah which gives ulos to parboru / boru (in marriage). But the region Pakpak / Dairi and South Tapanuli, borulah party giving to the kula-kula ulos (kalimbubu) or mora. Specific differences are not that reduce the value and meaning in traditional ceremonies ulos.
All custom implementation in accordance with the Batak dititik beratkan "dalihan na tolu" (stove / kitchen consists of three stones) which is the sense in traditional Batak dongan tubu, boru, hula-hula should help each other and mutual respect.In the Toba area are eligible to ulos is: 1. Hula-hula party (bone-in-law, bona bone, bona ni ari, and bone rorobot). 2. Dongan tubu party (father, brother's father, grandfather, brother of the bridegroom go higher in family status). 3. Pariban parties (in order of height in the family).Ale-ale (family friend) that we see poised to give ulos, is actually outside tohonan Dalihan na tolu (ale-ale provision should be determined not ulos, sometimes given as gifts and others).From the above it is clear that the order is eligible to ulos are those who have a higher position in the sequence of the recipient family ulos